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U Missing Out?
2008-05-05 12:33
by Will Carroll

Mark Twain famously said that "he never let his schooling get in the way of his education." A less known quote from the less impugned Clemens is that a "self-taught man seldom knows anything accurately." That's all changing through one of the most amazing and yet little known features introduced by a well-known company: iTunes U.

Is the iPod an educational tool? Yes, if you use it well. My time at college was ... mis-spent, we'll say. I learned far more outside the classroom than in, but that holds true for most things and I'll guess most people. We'll leave my educational malpractice out of this and focus on the idea of using technology to help yourself and help the world. Over the past few weeks since discovering this free service, I've listened to Norman Mailer discuss writing, an archaeologist lecture about his years spent trying to discover Hannibal's route over the alps, and economists discussing the impact of the Starbucks economy.

Does it help me to know that the Phoenicians were the founders of Carthage? Not really, but it's an interesting fact. What's much more interesting is that in an hour, I heard from a man at Stanford discussing archaeology - something I know little or nothing about and frankly have little or no interest in - in a manner that held my attention. For free. On my iPod while I sit on the deck or sit here writing.

The best teachers in the world are a click away, making me wonder how long before lesser universities have to address this shift and disintermediation. While the University of Phoenix was the first Christensonian disruptor, they've gone for a populist, volume-oriented model over the elitist model I think will prevail. Given the chance to hear the best lecturers and researchers and the inevitable shift to video, on-demand, or livecasts, the idea of paying big bucks to sit in a room of bored teenagers pretending to listen to a graduate assistant while chatting on Facebook loses some sway.

Right now, college is the "safe choice" for people and like college, the online elite model won't work for everyone, but it's a much more inspiring ideal. Imagine a high school where a world-class chemist is teaching chemistry or that an award winning teacher is in every classroom. With this type of technology, it's within reach. In a location-based economy, this high school might have the best teacher or an advantage of money or location, but in a technology-based economy, every school can take the best teacher and have them in their classroom virtually. It's much more cost-effective to take the top 1% of teachers and give them 99% of the money, while hiring monitors to handle the in-person tasks that schools have. There's clearly a lower limit on this approach; I'm not sure it works with kindergarteners, though I'm not sure it doesn't. Maybe Barney has a use after all.

For now, I'd just invite everyone to check out the amazing array of free content on iTunes U. Steve Jobs never enters a market unless he's going to change it and I think he might really be on to another world changing idea here.

Now, how do I get the Tufts class on sabermetrics available for download or get Prospectus University started?

Comments
2008-05-05 16:33:28
1.   David Arnott
Besides being experts in their fields, the best teachers base their teaching around engagement and interaction. I don't think even the best 1% lecturing to the masses could work for any level below college, and even then, I think it's inviting more Facebook in the lecture hall, as you put it.

I think the best use of such technology is to encourage personal enterprise, exactly as you seem to have gone about it without prompting. Middle school and high school kids can be given a structure within which they can find topics that interest them, dive into the inquiry, and then produce something to show their learning. If a student wants to study books, or film, or audio lectures, he or she will gravitate to what makes sense to him or her. The trick will be providing a proper structure so students don't drown in information options, and agreeing to useful evaluation standards.

(Former high school English teacher, fwiw.)

2008-05-05 17:47:54
2.   jgpyke
Hey, Will, did you know that man landed on the moon, too? iTunes U has been around since 2005.

I can do a point-by-point takedown of your post, if you want, but let's just say you oughtta stick to baseball.

"I believe that the motion picture is destined to revolutionize our educational system and that in a few years it will supplant largely, if not entirely, the use of textbooks." - Thomas Edison, 1922

He couldn't have been more wrong.

2008-05-06 06:30:59
3.   Will Carroll
Bring it, pyke. The Tivo's been around a long time too, but until you're exposed to it, you don't realize how amazing it is.
2008-05-06 09:08:15
4.   djbutler
Many universities (most of the Ivy Leagues) have offered free online or CD lectures to their alumni. Princeton has a great series. In addition, LectureFox has free online lectures from some of the top math and science departments in the country. Several PBS stations started working with local community and state colleges to also offer free online lectures. So, the revolution happened some time ago, it just wasn't televised.

That said, there is one thing that self-learning really can't offer that classroom education does: feedback, clarification, and critical debating. Don't get me wrong, one can get a great deal from self-learning, in fact, that is the first step in most learning that is why we assign homework on something that we will cover more intensely the next day in class. But to really own the material requires a level on engagement and interaction.

We learn best by doing (and that is often why so much of what we many people learn in college is outside of the classroom). The education power users take what they learn in the classroom and put it into practice through peer discussion, extending the idea or tool into a different context, or practical application in the real world. So, I commend you not just on getting those free lectures off iTunes, but then engaging your readers.

And for those haters who say you should stick to baseball, in the immortal words of 50 cent and Kanye West, Go head and switch them styles up And if they hate then let them hate And watch the money pile up!

2008-05-06 15:11:55
5.   Will Carroll
Isnt the power of the web that we can both broadcast AND interact? YouTube-style lecture combined with some sort of moderated Skype?
2008-05-07 08:00:06
6.   jgpyke
DJButler offers an excellent summation of some of the issues.

I would broaden it a bit first, though. What you are talking about is a single technology replacing a vast education business empire, and that simply will never happen. There are too many people, and too much money, vested in the current system for it to change. At the K12 level, the NEA and AFT will make sure of that, and both of these organizations put a lot of money in politicians' pockets to make sure that change doesn't occur.

At the higher ed level, the value added of a college degree is the degree itself, not necessarily the learning. Is it possible to get as good (or better) an education at U. of Phoenix or Rio Salado vs. Harvard or Yale? Of course. But H & Y have the networking opportunities, the branding, etc. They've built their brands for hundreds of years. That's why you won't see them get into the distance ed business very much. But back to where this paragraph started, what colleges are concerned with, on the student side--by and large--is students completing degree programs. Learning, per se, is secondary.

However, for folks who are done with college or really do want to learn about a topic--for the sake of the learning--then iTunes U is genius. But we're talking about learning something specific, not marking a checkbox towards a degree. These are very different goals.

Now, to take a more micro look at the issue, iTunes U is not really as you portray. You said, "The best teachers are a click away." Um, not exactly. The best speakers or lectures might be, but that is not the same thing as the best teacher. And what you listen to for 30 minutes or even two hours is a whole different thing that doing that 3x/week for 16 weeks...and office hours, and grading, etc. The lecture method is useful for some things (heck, that's why it's survived for 2500 years), but pointless for others. Think you could teach someone to hit a fastball by listening to a lecture? Examples are abundant. But what it boils down to is this: lectures are passive. iTunes U is merely porting an ancient instructional technology (the lecture method) to a new medium. The interactivity is lacking.

However, you do mention Skype discussions as being a possibility. So now you're getting more towards what is involved in education. But that isn't what these lecturers have necessarily signed on to. Again, giving a lecture once or even a dozen different ones is not teaching. It's just telling. Leading a discussion--a good one that engages everyone--is much harder to do.

Faculty-student interaction is key, as is student-student interaction. Prompt feedback. Emphasizing time on task. Etc. There is a lot of ghost that is not easy to put into the machine. And beyond that, you have to respect diverse talents and ways of learning. You have to shift learning modalities several times within a class period, let alone an elementary school day or for an entire unit or semester. This keeps interest but it also allows students to interact with content in different ways, which better increases their ability to encode and remember it.

So a one-size-fits-all model (e.g., one genius lecturer getting 99% pay while lackeys collect worksheets in class) just won't work. It's pretty much the antithesis to several generations of learning theories.

But I will certainly grant you this: for the adult learner who wishes to learn something specific, iTunes you can definitely be perfect...for certain kinds of learning.

Again, though, don't confuse a "world-class chemist" with a world-class teacher. The two are not the same thing at all. Ideally, a world class teacher (or instructional designer) could work with the world class chemist to design a course that would blow everyone away. Or the teacher could bring in his chemist buddy to lecture on a topic in his area of expertise...but then the teacher would need to facilitate discussion, assess the learning, etc. There is a lot to teaching--many events of learning--that must take place.

I could continue if need be.

2008-05-07 11:42:23
7.   Will Carroll
Pyke -- I'd rather see you do a post (here or elsewhere) than continue this in comments. I agree with MOST of your points. I won't argue the value of Harvard/Yale/etc -- I think the value there is well established and bigger than I'd expected. The difference between - for lack of a better example -- Phoenix and a lower-tier state school is small enough and the cost difference enough to make me wonder.

I think my view is biased by my educational experience. I never had those engaging teachers. I ended up in giant classrooms or discussions led by bored TAs who only wanted to get back to their apartment with their undergrad girl of the week.

I'll also agree that it would only work for certain kinds of learning, but I'm not sure where that line is. The concept of 'telepresence' is very, very interesting to me. Current technology isn't enough and will never completely replace the current educational system. I just think we have to keep asking the question, especially when the system isn't working well, is costing too much, and there's no real competition.

2008-05-07 20:16:42
8.   jgpyke
What would you want me to post about?

I guess what I commented on earlier was iTunes lectures replacing teachers. What iTunes is, is content. A better comparison might be iTunes U replacing textbooks. In fact, textbook makers are finally getting wise and beginning to disaggregate texts into single e-chapters for sale. Just as print media have online media taking out a chunk, online content is replacing print content.

I see in your last post (#7), you seem to be speaking about online learning rather than just iTunes U. That is a different kettle of fish. Online learning can absolutely be as robust as face-to-face (f2f) learning. What some people will try to claim is that online learning is "better" or can improve learning. Unfortunately for them, media comparison studies have been conducted since at least as far back as 1928 (!), and the conclusion is that there is no significant difference in learning outcomes between residential and distance courses.

I think lower-tier schools are absolutely competing with Phoenix, et al. It's not that Phoenix is inferior somehow and is only gunning for lower-tier schools, though. It's more the situation that lower-tier schools, city schools, commuter schools, have lower barriers to entry, generally, and therefore attract many students who have a more mercenary view of their education. Such kids are ripe for a Phoenix.

So if your school is for navel-gazers who want to play frisbee on the quad and meander through small classes taught by PhDs only, you have nothing to worry about. Your value added is bringing students in and keeping them there. The schools mentioned in the previous paragraph, OTOH, are in the business of reaching outward and pushing out that content. The brand for such schools is not prestigious enough to have any worries about being watered down by offering online degrees.

[I know you said you didn't want me to continue this in comments. Sorry. It's easier for me to comment this way. This format allows me a lower threshold for writing about this stuff. If I were to write it somewhere more "official," I'd have to be way more coherent and it would take me too long. It would fall under the category of "work," too.]

I kept myself restricted to higher ed this time. K12 is something else. And there's plenty to talk about there.

I can continue.

2008-05-07 20:23:12
9.   jgpyke
Oh--since you brought up telepresence, you can google "transactional distance" and see the second link--the one from SDSU.

Also google "no significant difference", if you're curious about that. FWIW, this last bit is not settled dogma within instructional technology circles. Check out "clark kozma debate" if you really want to geek out.

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